The development of alternatives to artificial knee joints has made significant progress in recent years. Innovative technologies and improved medical approaches offer new hope for patients with knee osteoarthritis, particularly those who want to avoid surgery or for whom total joint replacement is not yet necessary.



Biological therapies as a source of hope

Some of the most promising alternatives to artificial knee joints are based on biological processes:

• Bone marrow and stem cell therapies: These methods aim to regenerate damaged cartilage and improve the function of the joint. Stem cell therapy shows good results, especially in patients in the early stages of osteoarthritis.
• Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): This autologous blood therapy is increasingly being used as an effective option for relieving joint pain. Growth factors in PRP promote the regeneration of cartilage tissue, but its effectiveness is limited in advanced osteoarthritis.

Minimally invasive technologies

• Cartilage transplantation: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) replaces damaged areas of cartilage with the body's own cells. It is particularly suitable for younger patients whose joints are still largely intact.
• Osteotomy: If the leg is misaligned, the progression of osteoarthritis can be slowed down by targeted correction of the stress points without replacing the entire joint.

Technological advances in endoprosthetics

Although endoprostheses or artificial knee joints are considered the last option, they are becoming increasingly precise and long-lasting:

• Personalized prostheses: Using digital planning and 3D printing, prostheses can be precisely tailored to the patient's anatomy, improving longevity and functionality.
• Robotic assistance: The use of robots in surgery allows for more precise implantation, leading to better results and shorter rehabilitation times.

New materials for artificial knee joints

• Biohybrid implants: These combine artificial components with biological materials and promote integration into the tissue.
• Polyethylene and ceramic composites: They reduce wear and extend the life of the prostheses.

Regenerative approaches as a vision of the future

Research is increasingly focusing on approaches that preserve the joint:

• Cartilage matrix technologies: These use synthetic or biological scaffolds to support cartilage cells in regeneration.
• Nanotechnology: Novel materials with regenerative properties could further delay the use of prostheses in the future.

Limitations of the alternatives to the artificial knee joint

These innovative approaches are not suitable for all patients. In advanced stages of osteoarthritis, joint replacement often remains the most effective option. However, these alternatives could allow patients in earlier stages to delay surgery and improve quality of life.

The future of knee joint treatment lies in the combination of personalized therapies, minimally invasive technologies and regenerative approaches. This not only reduces the need for a complete joint replacement, but also increases the overall success of the treatment.