The partial knee replacement, also known as a unicompartmental knee replacement, offers a minimally invasive option for treating knee osteoarthritis. It is particularly suitable for patients whose osteoarthritis affects only one part of the knee joint. This comprehensive blog post details the advantages, disadvantages, and decision-making factors for a partial knee replacement.

What is a sled prosthesis?

A partial knee replacement (unicompartmental knee replacement) replaces only part of the knee joint, usually the inner or outer compartment. This distinguishes it from a total knee replacement (TKR), which replaces the entire knee joint. Partial knee replacements are often performed using minimally invasive techniques, which allows for faster recovery and less postoperative pain.

Advantages of the partial knee replacement

1. Minimally invasive procedure

• Smaller incisions: The procedure requires smaller incisions, resulting in faster healing and less scarring.
• Less tissue damage: Since only part of the knee is replaced, more of the natural bone substance and ligaments are preserved.

2. Faster recovery

• Shorter hospital stays: Patients typically spend less time in the hospital and can return to normal activity more quickly.
• Reduced rehabilitation: Rehabilitation is often shorter and less intensive compared to total endoprosthesis.

3. Improved mobility

• More natural feeling: Because a large part of the knee joint is preserved, many patients report a more natural feeling in the joint.
• Preservation of the ligaments: The cruciate ligaments usually remain intact, resulting in better stability and mobility.

4. Fewer complications

• Lower risk of infection: Due to the less invasive nature of the procedure, the risk of infections and other complications decreases.
• Less blood loss: Blood loss during surgery is generally less than with a total endoprosthesis.

Disadvantages of the unicompartmental prosthesis

1. Limited applicability

• Not suitable for everyone: Patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis or damage in multiple areas of the knee may not be suitable candidates.
• Strict indications: Patient selection requires careful evaluation by the orthopedist.

2. Long-term durability

• Potential need for revision: Unicompartmental knee replacements may have a shorter lifespan than total knee replacements, which may lead to later revision surgeries.
• Wear and tear of the unaltered part of the joint: The remaining, natural part of the knee may continue to wear down, which may necessitate additional interventions.

3. Complexity of the operation

• Technical challenge: The use of a unicompartmental knee replacement requires a high degree of precision and experience on the part of the surgeon.
• Postoperative challenges: Although recovery may be faster, postoperative complications can occur that require careful follow-up care.

Partial knee replacement: yes or no? Decision-making aid for patients

1. Diagnostic criteria - Degree of osteoarthritis: An accurate diagnosis of the degree of osteoarthritis and the affected areas of the knee is crucial. - General health: The patient's general health and lifestyle play an important role in the decision.

2. Doctor consultations - Expert advice: Seek comprehensive advice from an experienced orthopedic surgeon who can explain the advantages and disadvantages of a partial knee replacement. - Second opinion: If necessary, obtain a second opinion to ensure that the proposed treatment is the best option.

3. Personal preferences – Lifestyle and activity level: Consider how the procedure will affect your lifestyle and daily activities. – Long-term planning: Consider your long-term health goals and possible future procedures.

Postoperative care and rehabilitation

1. Rehabilitation plan - Physiotherapy: A targeted rehabilitation plan is essential to improve mobility and strengthen muscles. - Pain control: Pain management and anti-inflammatory measures promote faster recovery.

2. Long-term care – Regular follow-up examinations: Regular check-ups with the orthopedist help monitor the condition of the prosthesis and knee joint. – Staying active: An active lifestyle, including appropriate exercises and activities, supports the long-term function of the prosthesis.

Conclusion

Knee replacement surgery (unicompartmental knee arthroplasty) is a promising minimally invasive option for patients with limited knee osteoarthritis. It offers numerous advantages, such as faster recovery and improved mobility, but also carries some disadvantages and risks. A careful assessment of individual health factors and comprehensive consultation with specialists are crucial to making the best decision for your specific health needs.

By taking the above-mentioned aspects into account and providing careful postoperative care, patients with a partial knee replacement can achieve a significant improvement in their quality of life and mobility.

Frequently asked questions about the unicompartmental knee replacement

How long does a partial knee replacement last?

• The lifespan of a partial knee replacement can vary, but is usually between 10 and 15 years, depending on factors such as the patient's activity level and weight.

Can I play sports after receiving a partial knee replacement?

• Yes, many patients can resume sports activities after rehabilitation, however, high-impact sports should be avoided.

What risks are associated with a partial knee replacement?

• As with any surgery, there are risks such as infections, blood clots and complications associated with the prosthesis, however, these are usually lower with a minimally invasive partial knee replacement than with a total knee replacement.

How does a partial knee replacement differ from a total knee replacement?

• A partial knee replacement only replaces part of the knee joint and is less invasive, while a total knee replacement replaces the entire knee joint and is a more extensive operation.

Is a partial knee replacement suitable for me?

• This depends on several factors, including the severity of the osteoarthritis, the affected areas of the knee, and your overall health. An orthopedic surgeon can help you make the best decision.

Concluding thoughts

A partial knee replacement can be an excellent option for patients with limited knee osteoarthritis who are looking for a less invasive solution. With careful selection and proper postoperative care, many patients can lead a pain-free, active life. Talk to your doctor about your options and find out if a partial knee replacement is right for you.

By making an informed decision and preparing well, you can maximize the benefits of a partial knee replacement and significantly improve your quality of life.